The hose is the upper radiator hose. It should be screaming hot since it is carrying boiling water. If the gauge is telling you that its overheating, I suspect a stuck thermostat which lives under that aluminum water neck on the engine side of the radiator hose.
The belt-driven thing here is the alternator. It charges the battery.
Here you are looking down in the throttle body at the injector. You should expect to see a little haze coming up out of there after you shut down. The gas that was injected evaporates out as a white-ish haze, and you probably have some combustion gasses floating back out. A little is normal. A lot could be an indicator of bad rings or a bad PCV valve
This little box that says GM on it is the MAP sensor. It reads vacuum in the intake manifold and its one of the sensors that tells the computer how much fuel to inject
You're getting a good bit of oil leaking out around your valve cover. This is probably the smoke you see coming out from under the hood. The engine gets hot and burns the oil off and you see the resulting smoke. Do you see how the oil is leaking down on the exhaust manifold? That manifold gets glowing hot as it carries 1500-degree exhaust gases out, so that burns whatever is on it.
The little can on top of the snorkel is a vacuum operated door. When the engine is cold, the door selects to get air from around the exhaust manifold to help warm things up. When the engine has warmed up that door swings the other way and pulls cooler air in from the hose on the snorkel.
That blue plug is (I think) the relay for the air injection pump. Its an emissions control thing in the exhaust that wouldn't affect how the engine ran.
Here you are looking at the side of the throttle body. The fuel line is the hard line coming in from the right, the 90-degree wire plug is the injector wiring, and the throttle cable goes on that half-moon thing on the left.
That is the wiper motor with a ground on the firewall. Have no idea what the plug is.
The thing with the two posts and one wire is a power distribution block. It really doesn't do anything with the engine. The plug appears to maybe be the unused wire for the air conditioning.
This is the heater blower and heater core. The wiring for the motor is there on that little red piece. Again, that loose wire is probably something for the AC
This plug might be the IAT (intake air temperature) sensor. That should be somewhere in the air cleaner or intake tract and it might cause you lots of problems.
