Just turn your voltmeter selector switch to DC volts........black lead is installed in the ground(common) port....red lead, into the bat port(the holes are usually color coded to the leads).......now red lead to pos term of battery, and black lead to neg terminal of battery.......this is where you will get the readings for the previous mentioned tests......
Even though that bolt was stripped, it started the vehicle......which makes me wonder about the fuesable link......
With voltmeter on, attach leads to pos and neg bat terminals......should read 12.6 volts(fully charged bat), with car not running and nothing on.....now move the red lead to the big red wire connection on the back of the alternator(if there is a rubber boot there just move it for the connection).....black lead remains on neg bat terminal......should read the same as the battery....if it doesn't, if means that fuseable link is open, and the alternator is not charging....