Im sure such products have been made. They use a special cable, plus a small amount of electronics in the cable, then you run a program on the laptop that comes on a CD.
The problem is that the scanners today are so inexpensive, portable and durable, compared with a laptop that has to be carried around, that the general run of OBD-II scanners are self contained. Some of the high end scanners might use a laptop as a medium, for displaying results, for putting in commands, that sort of thing.
Each new year of automobiles will have new features in their computers.
The basic OBD-II standard doesnt limit what extra features the car's computer can handle, it just gives the required minimum features and codes.
And by no means will different manufactures be including the same extra goodies in a compatible form - if the goodies are above and beyond the basic OBD-II requirements.