You might want to look around the net for the crankshaft tool. OTC makes it and it makes the job a snap.
When the bar is in position locking the cams, is the belt tight between the cams?
If you're trying to get the crankshaft damper bolt out, why not take the tire off, and the plastic shield, and go through the wheel well? You can get right on it with a socket and a ratchet, it's a piece of cake!
The black dust bunnies are from the belt, probably dancing around in there.
Seems to me the last one I did, there was an additional idler pulley they want you to install to force the belt to stay on the crank pulley for more degrees of rotation. Make sure the tensioner and the spring are installed correctly. That might be part of the problem.