dont' know about your area, but there's a law around here like that, but it only applies to major public roads and highways. not sure about commercial lots and parking areas. the city will be held accountable for damage to the car that is due to poor road surfaces/curbs such as excessively large potholes and stuff like that, which is at the discretion of the city (which may not always agree with the public.
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i don't know what to tell you. you may have to take the hit yourself, but hopefully there's some way you can get reimbursed for that wheel. jus be more careful next time. good luck with it.