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Re: Friend's car sounds bad...
The best advice is to get a hayes repair manual. It will have diagrams and pictures of what's under the valve cover.
The clicking noise is definately related to the opening and closing of the valves.
Most engines today are over head cam engines and do not use screw adjusters anymore. They are usually designed to have the overhead cam contact a valve lifter and then the valve directly. An engine like the 3.0L, uses and overhead cam with valve lash adjustors and a rocker arm design.
A valve lash adjustor or a hydrolic lifter can be thought of as a shock absorber. When they go bad, things start bouncing.
I believe the 2.2 engine is the hydrolic lifter type design. If so, you would have to replace the lifters. This would probably entail removal of the camshaft and timing belt to get at the lifters and then retime the engine. (moderately complex).
You should research into what design the 2.2 has or obtain the hayes repair manual before you proceed. If you remove the valve cover to inspect or repair, replace with a new gasket seal.
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