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Originally Posted by Cl0ak
It's the address of the connected device like the Router.
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Basically that's it, anything that is a network device more or less have a MAC address.
Basically you tell your point of connection (such as router/access point/etc) to allow only certain MAC address to connect to it, and everything else to deny connection to it.
MAC addresses are also unique throughout each devices, so there can't be any duplicated MAC address unless someone modified it. Its a security measure that works well but ppl can still access it if they change their MAC address which will allow the connection if it is recognized as a valid MAC address.
Another method of security can be used is to force your network to use IPv6 standard instead of the current IPv4, its quite secure and since not many people use IPv6 it won't even recognise it as a network, but there may be connection problems if the translation is not done right when connecting to a IPv4 network.