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You were OK until you started talking about the blow off valve. A BOV goes before the throttle body because when you let off the gas, the TB closes and the turbo is still pumping air. So that excess air needs to go somewhere, hence the BOV.
A wastegate is in the turbo. There are 2 kinds of wastegates, external and internal. But I will just tell you what a wastegate does. A wastegate is a bypass for exhaust to go. There is a mechanism (usually vacuum controlled) that moniters boost and once it reaches a certain point the wastegate opens to bypass some exhaust so you don't overboost.
To the part about a supercharger working all the time and turbo not:
What you might have heard is a turbo doesn't boost all the time, a SC does. Just driving down the road at a certain RPM you will be in vacuum, not boost. But a SC boosts all the time (exept at idle) givin that it runs off the engine by a belt drive-so no matter how much you are hitting the gas pedal at a certain RPM you are going to be boosting so much. But a turbo doesn't give boost until you get on the throttle more because that gives more exhaust to run the turbo. So a turbo boosts according to how much pedal you give, and a SC goes by engine RPM.
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