Our Community is over 1 Million Strong. Join Us.

Carnivore Diet for Dogs

AIR DRIED BEEF DOG FOOD

AUTO 101 questions, HELP since your such a badmutha..


grasshopper
10-13-2002, 12:23 PM
okaaaaayyy, you guys are the "bomb" right??
so be a pal and answer some or any of these q's

I.D. 8 ways engines are classified.

Identify 2 major byproducts of combusted gas.

what is "vaccum" and how does it relate to atmos. press. and how it is measured

explain effects of compressing gas

identify parts of "valve train": function,location and method of lubrication

xplain valve movements as they relate to the 4 strokes of engine oper. and firing order

2 major diff. between gas and diesel engine

basic purpose of timing chains and gears, and engine gaskets.

what is engine bearing clearance and how is it measured

advantage of offset piston pin location is...

whats accomplished when a camshaft is timed?

define cam ground piston, blow by, and flash point

how is compression ratio determined, measured, and what its effects are on efficiency and emissions.

6 funtions of lubricating oil.

4 diff's between gasoline and diesel fuel
thats all folks!!!!!

ivymike1031
10-13-2002, 01:15 PM
so, you want us to do your homework for you?

911GT2
10-13-2002, 02:42 PM
Originally posted by ivymike1031
so, you want us to do your homework for you?

Sure as hell looks like it.

higgimonster
10-16-2002, 10:06 AM
Ok, So I am really bored and decided to answer your questions:
1)WTF?
2)Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide
3)Vaccum is when the pressure in a manifold (for example) is less then the outside atmospheric pressure.
4)effects? like heat?
5) Intake valve: opens to let air in ... I can't believe you are actually asking this question...
6) This is a toughy: Intake stroke: Intake valve opens to let air in. Compression stroke: valves are closed. Power stroke: still closed. Exhaust stroke: exhaust valves open to let spent gas out.
7)Deisel has direct injection (injected directly into the cylinder) and is combusted by compression, (is not a spark ignition)
8)Timing chains and gears? are you serious? Gaskets allow better sealing between metal junctions.
9) Ok, these questions are just too stupid to answer. Just look the damn things up. They are very basic.
Mabey come back and ask us about valve float, I'm sure ivymike could go one for days about that (which has already happened once)

ivymike1031
10-16-2002, 01:30 PM
Don't cheat on your homework, but feel free to compare these answers to what you come up with on your own. I'd be interested to hear your thoughts on the subject if my answers are different from the "right" answers.

I.D. 8 ways engines are classified.

Let's see...
1) location of combustion (internal or external)
2) type of motion within the engine (reciprocating, rotating)
3) whether there is continuous flow or pulsed flow through the engine (piston vs turbine, for example)
4) type of fuel (diesel, cng, gasoline, etc)
5) type of ignition (compression, spark, pilot flame, etc)
6) homogenous charge or not (pre-mixed, like most gasoline engines, or otherwise, like with direct-injection, etc)
7) number of cylinders
8) cylinder configuration (vee, inline, etc)
9) type of use (stationary or mobile, for example)
10) piston shape (ie Hemi)
11) valvetrain layout (overhead, camless, pushrod, etc)
12) number of valves per cylinder
13) speed of operation (high speed, low speed, etc)
well, the list can go on for a while longer, but this starting to bore me.

Identify 2 major byproducts of combusted gas.
I'm guessing you mean chemical products. In that case, the most common chemical products of combustion, in automotive engines, are:
Carbon Dioxide
Water

Other constituents of the exhaust gas may include:
Sulphur compounds
oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
carbon monoxide
hydrocarbons
nitrogen (mostly ignored by combustion - you get about the same amount out as you put in)

what is "vaccum" and how does it relate to atmos. press. and how it is measured
"Vacuum" is the name given to pressures less than the one you're using as a baseline (typically atmospheric). Typically, vacuum is less than atmospheric pressure. It can be measured in a number of ways, such as with a manometer, with a pressure transducer, with a diaphragm and spring. Most pressure measurement devices rely on the fact that a pressure difference acting over an area results in a force. They measure force directly, and back-calculate the pressure difference. Pressure can be given in many different units, such as psi, bar, atm, and Pa.

explain effects of compressing gas
Compressing a fixed amount of gas
... makes it hotter.
... makes it more dense.
... increases its pressure
... increases its internal energy
... requires work input (consumes energy)

identify parts of "valve train": function,location and method of lubrication
That depends on the type of valvetrain. A typical cam-in-block pushrod valvetrain with hydraulic lash adjustment contains the following components:
* Camshaft. For this example, located in the block, often directly above the crankshaft. The camshaft's most basic fuction is to force other components to move. It also must resist wear and vibration. The camshaft bearings, for an in-block cam, are typically forced-lubricated from the engine oil galleries (sometimes via drillings from the main bearings)
* Hydraulic lash adjuster (also called a hyd. tappet or hyd. lifter). Sits in a drilling in the block, just above the camshaft. The lower surface of the tappet contacts a cam lobe, the sides touch the block, and the top holds the pushrod. A HLA must transmit force from the camshaft to the pushrod, and expand to take up any gaps between the valvetrain components. It ABSOLUTELY MUST leak fluid slowly past its piston, to prevent pump-up. The sides of the HLA receive forced lubrication from the oil galleries. The pushrod socket receives forced lubrication through an orifice in the HLA. The cam interface is splash-lubricated, and relies on oil entrainment for lubrication.
* Pushrod. Sits on top of the HLA and below the rocker arm. It transmits force from the HLA to the rocker arm, and carries oil from the HLA to the overhead region. Receives forced lubrication from the HLA.
* Rocker pivot. Bolts to the head. Holds the rocker arm in place. Splash lubricated.
* Rocker arm. Restrained by the rocker pivot, supported by the pushrod on one end and by the valve tip at the other. Acts as a lever, and transmits force from the pushrod to the valve tip. It increases the valve displacement vs the pushrod displacement in most cases. Receives forced lubrication from the pushrod tip. All other interfaces are splash lubricated.
* Valve. Plugs a hole in the head. Opens to let gas flow. Actuated by the rocker tip. Lubricated by seepage at the stem seal, splash lubricated at the tip, not lubricated in the gas flow region.
* Valve stem seal. Sits in the head. Guides the valve, prevents oil from leaking into the port. Lubricated by oil seepage.
* Valve spring. Sits on top of the head. Forces the valve closed. Splash lubricated
* Spring retainer. Sits on top of the valve. Supports the valve cotter. Splash lubricated
* Valve cotter. Sits in the spring retainer. Grips the valve tip and holds it to the retainer. Splash lubricated

xplain valve movements as they relate to the 4 strokes of engine oper. and firing order
The intake valve opens a little bit before TDC on the exhaust stroke, and remains open until a while after BDC on the compression stroke.
The exhaust valve opens a while before BDC on the expansion stroke, and remains open until a little after TDC on the intake stroke. These timings are usually the same for all cylinders in an engine, regardless of firing order. The different cylinders will be at different points of the cycle, with phasing indicated by the firing order.

2 major diff. between gas and diesel engine
Most diesel engines use direct injection, most gasoline engines don't. (There are some gas engines that do, and some diesels that don't.) This means that a gasoline engine usually has a premixed charge, while a diesel engine doesn't. Diesels can, as a result, run much much leaner, as combustion occurs only in the region of mixing at the boundary of the fuel plume and the air. A gasoline engine can be configured to run this way, but they are typically not.
Normal diesel engines use compression ignition, while normal gasoline engines use spark ignition. The compression ratio for a diesel engine is much much higher than that for a gasoline engine.

basic purpose of timing chains and gears, and engine gaskets.
timing chains, gears, sprockets, and belts transmit torque from the crankshaft to the camshaft, and maintain the correct phasing and velocity ratio between them. Engine gaskets seal interfaces between components, to prevent leakage of whatever is on one side to whatever is on the other side.

what is engine bearing clearance and how is it measured
engine bearing clearance is the installed clearance between a bearing journal and the corresponding bearing shell. It can be measured in a variety of ways, both direct and indirect. A common method is to use a soft plastic (deformable, holds shape) of known diameter to measure clearance. The plastic is compressed between the journal and the shell, and spreads out as a result. The width of the spread-out plastic indicates the clearance.

advantage of offset piston pin location is...
Piston pin offset is usually used with monoblock pistons to influence the secondary motion of the piston. The pin offset causes the piston to transfer from the anti-thrust to the thrust side of the bore before the cylinder pressure gets very high, thus reducing the peak secondary kinetic energy of the piston, and consequently the severity of piston slap. Some people will use a reverse offset (making slap worse) in the belief that it will increase piston dwell near TDC and allow greater power output.

whats accomplished when a camshaft is timed?
The desired phase angle between the crankshaft and the camshaft is set. When people "time" their camshafts for performance, they advance or retard the camshaft relative to the crankshaft to change the valve timing relative to the piston motion. This will slightly influence the speed at which peak torque occurs, and will thus influence the power output of the engine vs rpm.

define cam ground piston, blow by, and flash point
Modern pistons are not cylindrical. They have a slight cam drop at the edges of the skirt, to keep these relatively stiff regions from contacting the cylinder bore, and thus reduce wear. They also have a slight barrel drop at the top and the bottom of the skirt, to improve hydrodynamic film generation, and thus reduce wear.
Blow by is the name given to combustion gasses that escape past the piston rings.
Flash point is an indicator of the volatility of a liquid fuel. It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a fuel at ambient conditions is sufficient to sustain combustion. It is also used as an indicator of volatility of the consitituents of a lubricant.

how is compression ratio determined, measured, and what its effects are on efficiency and emissions.
Compression ratio is determined by comparing the TDC volume of a cylinder to the BDC volume of a cylinder. A higher compression ratio improves efficiency. The effect on emissions depends on a host of other factors, and really isn't worth generalizing about.

6 funtions of lubricating oil.
Separating metal surfaces from each other to
- Reduce friction
- Prevent wear
Removes heat from components
Removes contaminant particles from interfaces
works as a hydraulic fluid (in a HLA)
(hmmm... that seems like only 5 to me, and I can't think of another that's not a real stretch of the word "function")

4 diff's between gasoline and diesel fuel
thats all folks!!!!!

Chemical composition is different
gasoline knocks, diesel doesn't
the viscosity is different
the smell is different
the density is different
the appearance is different
the flashpoints are different

texan
10-17-2002, 05:38 AM
show off ;)

ales
10-17-2002, 06:01 AM
Originally posted by texan
show off ;)

That's what I thought!!! ;) :D

Seriously, your knowledge level is amazing! Sigh.

hybridsol
10-17-2002, 06:05 AM
Originally posted by ivymike1031
6 funtions of lubricating oil.
Separating metal surfaces from each other to
- Reduce friction
- Prevent wear
Removes heat from components
Removes contaminant particles from interfaces
works as a hydraulic fluid (in a HLA)
(hmmm... that seems like only 5 to me, and I can't think of another that's not a real stretch of the word "function")

1. Controls friction between load-bearing surfaces
2. Reduces wear by preventing metal-to-metal contact between moving parts
3. Limits the temperature by carrying away heat from fluid friction and combustion of fuel
4. Reduces corrosion by coating metal parts and by flushing debris from in between moving parts
(5. Dampers mechanical shock in gears)
6. Forms a seal on the walls of the cylinders

ivymike1031 - two thumbs up

and your homework is done.......

ivymike1031
10-17-2002, 09:43 AM
Originally posted by hybridsol
1. Controls friction between load-bearing surfaces
2. Reduces wear by preventing metal-to-metal contact between moving parts
3. Limits the temperature by carrying away heat from fluid friction and combustion of fuel
4. Reduces corrosion by coating metal parts and by flushing debris from in between moving parts
(5. Dampers mechanical shock in gears)
6. Forms a seal on the walls of the cylinders


Ahhh... There are some important ones that I forgot about (and definitely should have remembered)!

- Engine oil has anti-corrosive properties, including buffering to prevent acidity (see also: TBN).

- Oil damps impact/shock at various interfaces (the piston too!).

- Oil closes up the small non-conforming areas between the rings and the cylinder bore, and improves the seal.

Good call!

replicant_008
10-18-2002, 02:56 AM
- 2 major diff. between gas and diesel engine

Most gasoline engines are 4 stroke cycle whereas a diesel engine is almost always a two stroke cycle.

Catalytic converters can be fitted to gasoline engine to assist in improving emissions, however due to the particulates that are produced in most diesel cycle engines prevent this at present and generally these are not fitted

- 4 diff's between gasoline and diesel fuel
Gasoline quality is measured by an octane rating usually RON whereas diesel quality is expressed as a Cetane Rating

SkunkSI
10-18-2002, 07:33 AM
ivymike1031, hybridsol, and replicant 008, you guys spend all day reading car magazine's and text books don't you?

higgimonster
10-18-2002, 07:50 AM
Originally posted by SkunkSI
ivymike1031, hybridsol, and replicant 008, you guys spend all day reading car magazine's and text books don't you?

Well, I know at least ivymike is an engineer (and a great resource for the most obscure and technical information).

And Replicant, I had no idea deisels were two stroke. I guess you learn something new every day.

ivymike1031
10-18-2002, 09:46 AM
Originally posted by replicant_008

Most gasoline engines are 4 stroke cycle whereas a diesel engine is almost always a two stroke cycle.



That's not accurate. There are lots of 2-stroke diesels out there, but nearly every diesel truck or car has a 4-stroke, so I'd have to lean the other way.

grasshopper
10-18-2002, 11:36 PM
ivymike, thanx a bunch. homework, nah haha, i'm just a girrrl trying to see if i can grasp the basics of automotives so i got the syllabus from a community college teacher and it had q's on there all auto 101 students should be able to answer by semesters end. i guess i wanna go in there with at least a little confidence, and also look like i have potential, haha...er...thanks guys. this is awesome really.

Add your comment to this topic!