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Depending on the object, an airbag can deploy as low as 9 mph. And no, they are not to go off only when the passenger compartment is compromised. Damage to the human body can and will occur much more sooner than that. In an accident/abrupt stop, there are actually 3 collisions:
One - Vehicle with object
Two - Human body with vehicle
Three - Internal organs with body
So you can see that an airbag needs to go off much sooner than a passenger compartment compromise.
To what degree did the vehicle hit the tree? If there was some sort of 'forward' momentum, it would be possible for an airbag to deploy. Also, was a seatbelt being used at this time? An airbag can cause more harm than good if a seatbelt isn't worn.. and worn properly. The seatbelt helps position the occupant properly in case an airbag was to deploy.
I have seen many cases where an airbag deployed at a side/frontal impact.. so if there was some sort of forward movement, its possible the airbag deployed properly.
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justin - '94 GP SE sedan - '89 GP LE coupe
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